STRANGE ARK
The investigation of natural mysteries with a biological emphasis.
BioFortean Review: 2009
The "Dirty Angel" and Other Nevada Paiute Folkloric Creatures Chad Arment . (Sept. 2009, no. 20) . | ||||||||||
In 2003, I ran across a website with notes on some anthropological research in the Margaret M. Wheat (1908-1988) Papers, Special Collections, University of Nevada's Reno Library. This library archive includes a large audio collection of interviews that Wheat set up with Paiute from northern Nevada. Of particular interest, the site related several brief points in interviews where folkloric creatures were described. As the website has long since disappeared, these stories (though brief) may be useful to researchers investigating mystery animals in this region. They also suggest that anthropological interviews held in libraries across the country may be an untapped source of cryptozoological information. . | ||||||||||
Segment 1 Elder 3: Did she [Elder 4] tell you about our great grandmother, how she used to travel right over the mountains? When she was coming through the mountains over there, she was cutting through a canyon, she smelled an awful smell, an awful odor coming from the west, there was a real breeze. The juniper trees were thick and she was wondering what that smell is. "Must be a dead sheep some place," kept on coming to it, kept on coming to it, and here was an angel setting on a juniper tree. When the angel saw her coming up she look like the angel was going to take off, raise his wings, then finally [the wings] went down again, and she was so scared she went clear around. And, it smelled an awful smell, she said, that Indian. She used to tell my father, "The white men when they draw the angels are always nice and fancy, and just like a human being, except the wings, that's the way the white man draw, but the one I seen didn't look like that," she said, "and the wings were just like a bat," she said. "They were webbed, you know how bat's wings is, and the fingernails like a hook, toenails same way, and big eyes and dirty, dirty face—never washed his face, and stinked." That's the kind she seen on those mountains. . MW: What color was it? . Elder 3: Oh, it was so dirty, kind of a dark gray. Then another time she seen a big snake, oh, about that big around [12 inches] and head like a horse face, big nostrils and hair whiskers and from here [top of head] kind of a mane all along the back to the end, and sound like it was a bass drum, she said. She seen that kind in the canyon too. . MW: Those are great stories. . Elder 3: Did my cousin tell you about my father when he was trapping for otter? There used to be otters in this lake a long time ago, and he was trapping. Must be way up on other side of Pyramid, some place, long time ago. He make a round through his traps after windy day. I guess my father feel kind of lazy and he try to get his brother to go. "You go round and look after my traps." I guess my uncle was a real young fellow. He said he was scared of those things and didn't want to fool with them. "You go round and make rounds yourself." So after the storm he went around. He had two traps set. His traps were all unscrewed and piled up on one little heap. Some are kind of riveted so the nuts won't come off, and they were riveted. And my father think some kind of animal got caught in there and unscrewed them. They must have been something like human beings to screw nuts. And there was blood all over. When it first been caught in one of those traps it must have been going round and round like that. My father went down to the shoreline, it was nice and sandy, a little baby's tracks. Waterbaby. He used to tell it but lot of people won't believe it. No such things exist like waterbaby. But that was a long time ago before I was born. That's all I know. Sure must have had some strength to unscrew those screws. And they were all piled up neat in one pile. [Tape #46] . Segment 2 [Regarding a group that traveled to Pyramid from the north from Summit Lake, Susanville.] "Always travel around lake. No good road then. Rough road. They come from Fort Bidwell. That takes long time to get to Nixon with horse and wagon. Getting nighttime when they get to the lake. They going to stop on other side this lake, stop over night. Those Indians roam around catching fish, take their guts out, sling them beside lake along shore. They stop over night and early in the morning, just about sun coming up . . . (one man) heard something come out of that water, water dogs come out of this lake. Ears long, brown-looking and white-spotted dogs. Pretty good-sized dogs. And when they got to the shore they eating that waste, cui’ui [fish] waste. Make funny kind of noise . . . and then he wake those other sleeping people and look over there, dogs coming out of the lake, fifty or sixty. Quite a bunch . . . just like dogs, with floppy mouth, floppy ears, all slick, light brown. When those people get up they make noise looking at them. Those dogs see them looking at them. Got surprised and run back into the lake. Never come out again . . . long time ago!" [Tape #91] . In Tape #98, another storyteller mentions these animals: "The Nini'i dogs had four feet, spotted just like bird dog." . Segment 3 And great big snake long time ago crawl along and make hills like a deep canyon with high walls. . Segment 4 [Two women and an older, blind aunt are walking near a lake.] "They came along the road with that blind woman. She had stick. They make her walk on good side, so she won't fall. Walk along slow. Way down here by Sutcliffe somewhere. They walk along slow and they heard a splashing noise, way down. Lot of noise going on. They wonder what that noise is. The young ladies leave that old lady stay there, tell her they going to see what that noise is. They peeked at it. Here was two little human beings, water babies. Tiny people, short, naked ones. Got no clothes on. Dark hair all hanging down. They stood there, look at them so surprised. They know it's water babies. One of those little water babies look back and saw those ladies looking at them. And he get so scared, run to the water and splash into the lake and the other followed and they go way in there and never come up again . . . that woman right away know. She whisper slow, 'That's a nini'i. Let's go quick.' They kept on walking faster 'cause they got so scared . . . there is such a thing in our lake. Long time ago when everything's quiet. Now all gone 'cause too much noise and smell. Funny kind of car smell. Snake, they don't like that (either). They disappear or died off" | ||||||||||
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References:
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Johnston's "Third Mysterious Animal" from the Congo Chad Arment . (Sept. 2009, no. 21) . | |||||||||||
Sir Harry Johnston is well-known for having finally confirmed the existence of the okapi in the Congo rainforests after years of rumors and searching. In 1901, this species was designated Okapia johnstoni in recognition of his efforts. Johnston also collected stories of a large pig-like animal, that was later confirmed in 1904 as a unique species: the giant forest hog. In addition, Johnston heard stories of a third large animal, the shaw-le, possibly a tragelaphine "antelope" (actually an antelope-like bovine), that was distinguished from known species by the people of the region. The first mention of this mystery animal comes from a letter in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London in 1904. . | |||||||||||
The Secretary read the following letter addressed to Sir Harry Johnston, K.C.M.G., K.C.B., by the late Mr. W. G. Doggett, dated Anglo-German Boundary Commission, Uganda, November 3rd, 1903:— "Since writing last I have collected more information us to the 'Okapi' from a 'Mububa' native of the Mboga country, who is travelling with our Sudanese escort. I am doing my best to get this man as a guide to his country, where he says the 'Okapi' is to be found in large herds. He also says that there is another large Antelope like the 'Okapi' which they call 'Shaw-le,’ and which lives in the more open country. He goes on to say that the 'Okapi ' found in 'Mboga' has horns about 18 inches long with two curves (only in males). "So if I get a permit I shall certainly go and see what can be got there. I hope by the next mail I shall be able to send you a photograph of Lake ' Ruakatenge' and a few notes, for the African Society's Journal. It's within two hours of our present camp." The Secretary remarked that since his journeys into this part of the Congo Forest (to the west of the Semliki River) Sir Harry Johnston was of opinion that the reports of the natives, made to himself, to Stanley, to Doggett, and to such other travellers as had recorded them, pointed to the existence, possibly, not only of the Okapi which has now been made known, but of two other mammalian types in this north-eastern fringe of the Congo Forest. If the reports about these other creatures are as well based as were those of the Okapi, they would indicate the existence in Northeast Congoland of another large ruminant, possibly a Tragelaphine, and a large pig-like animal. He was informed by Sir Harry Johnston said that Doggett's 'Shaw-le' Antelope was also described to him by Balega people from the west of Lake Albert, and struck him from the description (if there is any fact at the bottom of these stories) as being very similar in appearance to a Nilghai. Sir Harry also thought that the large Forest 'Pig' of which Sir Henry Stanley had heard, and which was also mentioned to himself, might possibly be the Dwarf Hippopotamus which occurs in the forests of West Africa. | |||||||||||
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The next mention comes within a series of letters published in 1904 in the journal Nature, following confirmation that the giant forest hog was a new species. First, came the pig's announcement: . | |||||||||||
The Forest-pig of Central Africa. It may interest many of your readers to know that the "forest-pig" heard of, at the same time as the okapi, by Sir Henry Stanley, and later on by Sir Harry Johnston, has at last been obtained and presented to the National Museum by Mr. R. Meinertzhagen. This gentleman first had news of it from the natives of Mount Kenya, and took great pains to secure a specimen, but only succeeded in obtaining pieces of skin, from which no idea of its affinities could be gathered. At last, however, in the Nandi Forest, near the Victoria Nyanza, at an altitude of 7000 feet, he received two skulls, one quite perfect, and some further portions of skin. These trophies show that the animal represents a most interesting new genus connecting the aberrant wart-hog (Phacochaerus) with the more ordinary Suidae, such as Sus and Potamochaerus. It agrees with the first named in the number of its incisors, and shows a tendency towards it in the development of the canines and the structure of the molars. On the other hand, in the general proportions of the skull it is more like Sus. Altogether, if it cannot be called absolutely ancestral to Phacochaerus, it must at least be looked upon as representing an early stage in the specialisation of that most remarkable type. The animal itself is about as large as a wart-hog, and is well covered with long coarse black hair. It is proposed to be called Hylochoerus meinertzhageni, and I hope to give a full description of it at an early meeting of the Zoological Society. Oldfield Thomas. | |||||||||||
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Then, Johnston wrote in to fill in some blanks on the history of the search for this new pig, and noted that a mysterious antelope-like creature was also rumored to exist in the region. . | |||||||||||
The Forest-pig of Central Africa. . I have seen Mr. Oldfield Thomas's interesting letter in your issue of October 13 relative to the remarkable forest-pig (which he has named Hylochoerus meinertzhageni). With regard to the discovery of this remarkable beast, there are perhaps older names which should be associated with it as well as those of the late Sir Henry M. Stanley and myself. No mention of this forest-pig appears in Sir Henry Stanley's published works, but in conversation with myself and others he frequently told us that, in addition to hearing of a "donkey-like animal with large ears" (which afterwards turned out to be the okapi), he once saw a huge black pig, and he had reason to believe that a strange new species or genus of pig inhabited that portion of the Congo forest near the Semliki River. I heard and transmitted similar stories told me by the natives of that forest; but even more detailed accounts were collected and sent later on by the late W. G. Doggett, who, to the great loss of zoological collecting in Africa, was drowned in the River Kagera in the early part of the present year. But I think the first definite accounts of this pig (or at any rate of Hylochoerus meinertzhageni) were transmitted by Mr. C. W. Hobley, C.M.G., a sub-commissioner of the East Africa Protectorate, who has recently been acting as Commissioner after the departure of Sir Charles Eliot. Mr. Hobley sent a drawing of the skull and a description of the creature from imperfect specimens he had seen on the slopes of Mount Kenia. Unfortunately his letters were delayed in transmission, so far as their reaching the Zoological Society was concerned. Mr. Hobley is now in England, and it is to be hoped that he will furnish the Zoological Society in detail with the extremely interesting particulars he has given me in conversation regarding this remarkable animal. I would remind your readers that Mr. Hobley (who as regards length of service is almost the senior British official connected with British East Africa) made the important discovery last year of marine organisms in the Victoria Nyanza. So far, the native stories of the okapi and the big forest-pig have turned out to be true. It only remains to complete the trilogy by the discovery of a third mysterious animal, also alluded to in conversation, if not in writing, by Stanley, and mentioned by Doggett and myself. This, so far as native accounts can be crystallised into a definition, would seem to be some large tragelaphine antelope resembling the nilghai in appearance, with short, twisted horns. A horn or a pair of horns attributed to this animal was, I believe, brought home by a member of Stanley's expedition, and is possibly in the British Museum. It was seen by Dr. P. L. Sclater, and attributed by him to an abnormally developed cow eland: but so far as I could learn from my own researches and those of Doggett, the natives of the Semliki Forest were careful to differentiate this creature from either the forest eland or the bongo. Their accounts of it certainly coincide to a great extent with their stories of the okapi, though they insisted on the difference between the two animals. Perhaps there is as much truth in their stories of this large antelope with small twisted horns as there has been shown to be in connection with the okapi and the forest-pig. H. H. Johnston. | |||||||||||
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Finally, British zoologist Philip Lutley Sclater, the original describer of the okapi, weighed in on the subject: . | |||||||||||
The Forest-pig of Central Africa. . There are two good mounted specimens of the forest-pig in the Museum of the Congo Free State at Tervueren, near Brussels, where I had the pleasure of examining them in July last. M. A. Dubois, conservator of the Royal Museum of Natural History at Brussels, told me that he intended to describe the animal in conjunction with Dr. Matschie, of Berlin, but I am not aware that their description has yet been published, so that I hope the forest-pig may remain known by the excellent name Hylochoerus, proposed for it by Mr. Thomas. As regards the "third mysterious animal" of the Congo Forest alluded to by Sir Harry Johnston in his letter on this subject (Nature, p. 601), I have little doubt that it was the fine antelope of the genus Tragelaphus, lately described by Mr. Thomas as Baeocephalus euryceros isaacsoni (Ann Nat. Hist. (7). v. p. 310, and Proc. Zool. Soc., 1902, ii p. 319). The first pair of horns of this species was obtained by Mr. F. J. Jackson in 1897 (see Proc. Zool. Soc., 1897 p. 455), but it is only recently that the perfect specimen which now adorns the mammal gallery of the British Museum was procured. The "abnormally developed horns of the cow eland” referred to by Sir Harry Johnston have nothing to do with this antelope. They will be found fully described and figured in the "Book of Antelopes" (vol. iv. p. 209). P. L. Sclater. . | |||||||||||
The tragelaphine that Sclater mentions is the rare mountain bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci. (This subspecies was named by Oldfield Thomas after the hunter, F. W. Isaac, who shot it in British East Africa in 1902.) Is this the answer to the mystery? The shaw-le was reported from Mbogo, and west of Lake Albert, which are both in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, or Congo-Kinshasa. The mountain bongo (or eastern bongo) is only known from Kenya today; even assuming a larger historical range, I'm not sure that this fits from a biogeographical perspective. The western, or lowland, bongo is a possibility, as it is known from the DRC. What would help would be some in-the-field ethnozoological investigation, to determine if anyone in Mbogo recognizes the name shaw-le, and if so, to get a better description (or physical evidence, as hunters may have collected trophies). Unfortunately, Johnston, Stanley, and Doggett don't seem to have left enough of a description for us to be certain about this mystery animal. Interestingly, this is not be the last mention of a mystery "antelope" from this region of Africa. Mackal (1987) reprints an article, in his discussion of the Chipekwe, from the Field of 23 September 1911, called "The Haunts of the Situtunga." In it, J. E. Hughes mentions (regarding the area near Lake Bangweula, in Zambia): "Native folklore peoples the great Swamp with stranger denizens still; a beautiful striped antelope that no white man has ever seen, the Chipekwe, a gigantic reptile with a single snow-white horn that can kill a hippo; a huge black leopard with a short tail that preys on the Lechwe and Situtunga, and so on. I believe in this unknown antelope, and mean to get one this year. I have his name and address, and have seen a skin." Again, bongo is a possibility, though it apparently isn't known from Zambia today. | |||||||||||
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Goosefoot, the Cumberland Dragon Chad Arment . (October 2009, no. 22) . | ||||||||||
One of the problems with lesser-known mystery animals is that stories about them are often confused with reports of more well-known cryptids. In this case, the story itself, though uncommonly noted, has been mentioned on a few websites. (I don't know whether it has ever been mentioned in print.) The problem here is that the creature, denoted by some as Goosefoot, has somehow been confused with skunk apes, possibly because of mention of an oddly-shaped foot. The story was originally published in 1794 in various early American newspapers. The account here comes from the Hampshire, MA, Gazette of September 24, 1794. . | ||||||||||
Curious Animal. In February last, a detachment of mounted infantry, commanded by Captain John Beaird, penetrated fifteen miles into the Cumberland Mountain: On Cove Creek, ensign M'Donald and another man, in advance of the party as spies, they discovered a creature about three steps from them: it had only two legs, and stood almost upright, covered with scales, of a black, brown, and a light yellow colour, in spots like rings, a white tuft or crown on the top of its head, about four feet high, a head as big as a two pound stone, and large eyes of a fiery red. It stood about three minutes in a daring posture (orders being given not to fire a gun except at Indians,) Mr. M'Donald advanced and struck at it with his sword, when it jumped up, at least eight feet, and lit on the same spot of ground, sending forth a red kind of matter out of its mouth resembling blood, and then retreated into a laurel thicket turning round often, as if it intended to fight. The tracks of it resembled that of a goose, but larger. The Indians report, that a creature inhabits that part of the mountain, of the above description, which, by its breath, will kill a man, if he does not instantly immerse himself in water. | ||||||||||
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So, we have a biped creature, about four feet high when in an almost upright position, covered with scales, some sort of crest on the head, bright red eyes, and big goose-like footprints. I don't think it is a stretch here to suggest that the "red kind of matter" indicates the animal is flicking out a red tongue. Clearly, this story should not be classified among reports of unknown primates, but rather among the stories of large biped (at least occasionally) reptiles, similar to reports from southern Ohio (historically) and Kentucky (several decades ago). From a historical perspective, the details surrounding the event appear factual. Captain John Beaird was a historical personage in that region, infamous for an attack on Cherokee and Federal agents in an attempt to force a war. Cove Creek is still on the maps in Tennessee. It would be very interesting to know if Beaird or anyone in his militia outfit kept a journal that could be checked to see if the newspaper details were accurate. It would also be of interest to know if the Cherokee in that region have any similar stories passed along to them through the generations. |